I'M POSITIVE, WHAT'S NEXT?

Receiving an HIV diagnosis can be overwhelming, but understanding your options and next steps is crucial for managing your health. Here’s what you need to know about testing, self-care, and preparing for your healthcare appointments.

HIV TESTING OPTIONS

HIV can be diagnosed through various testing methods, including blood and saliva tests:

ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY TESTS

Typically performed using blood drawn from a vein.
Detects antigens present on the HIV virus, which usually appear within a few weeks after exposure.
Antibodies produced by your immune system may take weeks to months to become detectable. A positive result on this test may not appear until 2 to 6 weeks post-exposure.

ANTIBODY TESTS

These tests look for antibodies to HIV in either blood or saliva. Most rapid tests are antibody tests, including home self-tests.
Antibody tests may not yield a positive result until 3 to 12 weeks after exposure.

NUCLEIC ACID TESTS

These tests detect the virus directly in your blood, measuring the viral load.
If you suspect recent exposure to HIV (within the past few weeks), your healthcare professional may recommend NAT, as it is the earliest test to show a positive result after exposure.

WHAT CAN A DRUG AND ALCOHOL TOXICOLOGY TESTING DETECT?

In addition to medical treatment, taking an active role in your health can significantly impact your well-being. Consider the following:

KIND, COMPASSIONATE, AND COMMITTED

Focus on fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to support your immune system and maintain energy levels. Ensure you consume enough calories to stabilize your weight.

Food Safety

Avoid raw or undercooked foods, as foodborne illnesses can be severe for individuals with HIV. Ensure all meat is well-cooked, and avoid unpasteurized dairy products, raw eggs, and seafood. Drink only safe, treated water.

Stay Vaccinated

Vaccinations can help prevent infections like pneumonia, influenza, and COVID-19. Consult your healthcare provider about safe vaccines, including those for HPV and hepatitis A and B, keeping in mind that some live virus vaccines may not be safe due to a weakened immune system.

Pet Care

Some animals caan carry parasites that pose risks to individuals with HIV. Practice good hygiene, especially after handling pets, and wash your hands thoroughly.

COPING AND SUPPORT

Receiving an HIV diagnosis can bring emotional and financial challenges. It’s important to know that support is available:

• Many HIV/AIDS clinics offer social workers, counselors, or nurses who can assist with various needs, such as arranging transportation to medical appointments, helping with housing or childcare, and providing support during financial crises.

• Building a support system is vital. Many individuals find comfort in speaking with someone knowledgeable about their condition.

PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT

If you suspect you have an HIV infection, your first step is likely to consult your primary healthcare provider. You may be referred to an infectious disease specialist who focuses on HIV/AIDS treatment.

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Before your appointment, prepare by considering the following questions:

How do you think you were exposed to HIV?
What symptoms are you experiencing?
Do you have any risk factors, such as unprotected sex or intravenous drug use?
What medications or supplements are you currently taking?

WHAT TO EXPECT FROM YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER

During your appointment, your healthcare provider will conduct a thorough assessment, including:

Questions about your health and lifestyle
A physical examination to check for:
Swollen lymph nodes
Skin or oral sores
Nervous system issues
Unusual lung sounds
Abdominal swelling

PROTECTING YOURSELF AND OTHERS

If you think you might have HIV, take precautions before your appointment:

Avoid unprotected sexual contact.

If you use intravenous drugs, always use a new, clean needle and never share needles with others.